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Workout Timing
- When to Train
by Tom Venuto - author of
Burn The Fat, Feed The
Muscle
Dear Tom,
What are your thoughts on workout
timing? Do you recommend that cardio and weights be done successively or
separately? For example; wake up, warm up, cardio, lift, eat, or wake up, warm
up, cardio, eat, lift later in day?
Dr. Michael Marasco
When you do your training is not
nearly as important as just doing it consistently on a pre-planned schedule,
with meticulous attention to progressive overload. Timing is a secondary and in
my opinion, a highly overrated factor. Don't lose sleep over this or get caught
up in the arguments either way.
The very first thing everyone
needs is to establish a pre-planned training and nutrition schedule that is so
regular that training and eating on a routine become habits as deeply
entrenched as brushing your teeth, taking a shower, driving a car, or putting
your pants on with the same leg first every day. Training and nutrition can
eventually become so habitual that they turn into automatic behaviors requiring
no conscious thought - and that is a great place to arrive at. For someone
still struggling to overcome bad habits or stick to a regular schedule (i.e.
you're still skipping workouts or eating junk), the workout timing issue is
moot.
Once you've developed that kind of
consistency and regularity in your training and nutrition habits, then it pays
to start nitpicking and tuning the fine details - and yes, one of those details
is workout timing and meal timing.
The ideal timing of training
depends on (1) your goals (fat loss versus gaining mass) (2) practical
considerations like job, family, and time available, and, (3) whether you are
doing cardio only or cardio and weights the same day.
First, lets talk about fat loss.
When fat loss is the goal, I believe that 30 minutes of cardio first thing in
the morning on an empty stomach has many benefits. I've discussed this
exhaustively before, so if you want more info, refer to my IRONMAN magazine
article, "A.M Fat Burn"
What about if you're on a fat loss
program and you're doing weights and cardio the same day? You have a few good
options. One, do your cardio only early in the A.M. on an empty stomach, then
eat meal one immediately afterwards. Hit your weights in a separate session
later in the day - late morning, afternoon or evening. Two, since working out
twice a day isn't practical for everyone, eat meal one, then do weights and
cardio in the same session, with the weights first and cardio second, followed
immediately by meal two. If you're doing both in the same session, DO NOT do
cardio first followed by weights or your weight workout will suffer greatly.
On a mass gaining program, things
are different. I DO NOT recommend morning cardio in a fasted state on mass
programs. In fact, I recommend a minimum of cardio on a mass gaining program:
3-4 days per week for 20-30 minutes and that's it. Extreme "hard gainer"
ectomorphs (skinny, small jointed body types) should do even less - more like 3
days per week for 15-20 minutes (if any). On the mass gaining program, split up
your cardio and weights if possible, and space them out a good eight hours or
so (lift in morning, cardio at night, for example). Eat plentifully after each
workout session. If you must, simply hit your short cardio workout immediately
after your weight training workout.
By the way, the twice a day
schedule isn't practical for most people with 9 to 5 jobs, families, etc, etc,
but if you can swing it, it has several potential benefits:
1) It allows you to get a meal
immediately after your weights, which maximizes recovery and muscle growth
(extremely important if muscle mass is one of your goals).
2) It gives you a double boost in
metabolism instead of a single post exercise metabolic increase (like spinning
a top twice within a certain time period to keep the rpm's going faster instead
of spinning it only once and letting the rpm's slow down before spinning it
again)
3) For fat loss programs, it
allows you to get the benefits of fasted morning cardio
4) It gives you more energy for
each individual session, instead of one long, energy-draining session. When you
do weights and cardio together, whichever you do last tends to suffer because
your energy levels start to decline (just try some high intensity interval
training after your 20 rep squat routine!!!)
5) It maximizes hormonal response
to exercise for maximal fat loss and muscle growth.
6) It minimizes the possibility of
overtraining.
If two sessions a day doesn't fit
into your schedule, then doing your cardio immediately after your weight
training is also effective. The only drawback to doing weights and cardio in
the same session is that the workouts can become very long and tiring;
sometimes 75-90 minutes (for example, 45 minutes of weight training, followed
by 30-45 minutes of cardio).
Some people are terrified about
the possibility of losing muscle when doing long training sessions of weights
and cardio together. Ironically, the worrying probably causes more muscle loss
than anything! Worry and stress are highly catabolic. Instead of worrying,
simply measure your body fat, chart your progress and keep a close eye on lean
body mass. As long as you're not restricting calories too severely, you'll
probably discover that you maintain your LBM just fine. If LBM drops, then
think about changing your workout timing.
There's probably some truth to the
assertion that each individual has a certain natural biorhythm which dictates
their personal best time to train (morning people vs. night people). There may
also be some truth to the theory that metabolic rates and hormone levels at
certain times of the day or night make for better results if you train in
harmony with these ebbs and tides. I am an early riser, but I am NOT a "morning
person." I experimented one season with eating meal one, then lifting at 5:30
am and my workouts suffered terribly - really, it was awful - and I gave it a
fair trial for three months straight without missing. I was not mentally or
physically primed to train at that time.
The logical, theoretical,
left-brained types can go ahead and pooh-pooh the "instinctive training"
principle all they want, but I don't care what scientific study comes out
saying that training at 6:00 A.M builds more mass, I KNOW early morning lifting
isn't for me. When I'm training for contests, I prefer doing cardio at 5:30 or
6:00 am, then meal one, then meal two, then hitting the weights at around 10:00
am or 11:00 am. This works great for me because I work 12 or 1 pm to 11:00 pm.
If you've discovered a certain time that "feels" good to you, go with the flow
and don't fight it.
Let me re-emphasize again, I think
the importance of this topic is blown way out of proportion. In fact, sometimes
I'm sorry I wrote that morning cardio article because it stirred up tons of
controversy. Judging by the number of times I've heard questions about morning
cardio and workout timing, people are very concerned about doing it wrong. My
advice: Just get your butt in the gym whenever it's convenient for you, get on
a regular schedule and train hard, hard, hard. Then go home and eat, eat, eat
your lean proteins and complex carbs from natural, whole foods. Getting lean
and muscular takes effort, but the process is really not that complicated...
honest!
This article originally appeared in the March 2003
issue of Tom Venuto's Bodybuilding and Fitness Secrets (BFS) Newsletter. If you
enjoyed this article and would like to receive others like it for free every
month, you can subscribe to BFS here:
http://www.fitren.com/listserv.cfm
For more great articles like this one, go to
Global Health & Fitness where
Tom Venuto is the Fat Loss Expert
Author Tom Venuto
Tom Venuto is a bodybuilder, gym owner,
freelance writer, success coach and author of "Burn the Fat, Feed The Muscle"
(BFFM): Fat Burning Secrets of the World's Best Bodybuilders and Fitness
Models. Tom has written over 150 articles and has been featured in IRONMAN
magazine, Natural Bodybuilding, Muscular Development, Muscle-Zine, Exercise for
Men and Men’s Exercise. Tom's inspiring and informative articles on
bodybuilding, weight loss and motivation are featured regularly on dozens of
websites worldwide. For information on Tom's "Burn The Fat" e-book,
click here.
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